Opel Insignia: Description and Operation

Active Safety System Description and Operation

The active safety system is a comprehensive feature set designed to help a driver avoid collisions or reduce crash damage while driving, backing, and parking. The K124 Active Safety Control Module is the primary controller for the active safety system. The active safety control module communicates on multiple serial data busses to share information with various control modules throughout the vehicle.

The active safety control module uses various sensors and control modules to monitor the vehicle surroundings and take deliberate action to avoid collisions or reduce crash damage. The active safety system tightly integrates the forward collision alert, adaptive cruise control, parking assist, and active emergency braking systems into a single cohesive system.

The active safety control module communicates via serial data on the object detection bus with the B174W Frontview Camera - Windshield or K109 Frontview Camera Module, B233B Radar Sensor Module - Long Range, radar sensor module - short range left front, and radar sensor module - short range right front to create a virtual fusion image of the area in front of the vehicle. The active safety control module observes an actual visual image of the area directly ahead of the vehicle, within 60 m (197 ft), with the frontview camera. The radar sensor module - long range is used to measure the distance to objects that are up to 200 m (656 ft) in front the vehicle and the two radar sensor modules - short range are used to measure the distance to objects that are within 30 m (98 ft) of the front of the vehicle. Within 60 m (197 ft) of the vehicle, all of these inputs are combined to create a fusion image of the area in front of the vehicle. At up to 200 m (656 ft), the radar sensor module - long range will detect and begin tracking objects immediately in front of the vehicle. Within 60 m (197 ft), the frontview camera will confirm objects that have been detected by the radar sensor module - long range. The two radar sensor modules - short range improve cut-in detection, which are objects that enter the vehicle path from the side and are not necessarily detected by the frontview camera and radar sensor module - long range, who's focus are those object directly in front of the vehicle.

The fusion image created by the active safety control module is used to detect collision risks and take action based on the immediacy of the risk. The a collision risk exists, the active safety control module will alert the driver using the forward collision alert system. This will provide the driver with a visual and audible or haptic alert that a collision risk has been detected. If the driver does not take action to reduce the risk of collision, such as changing lanes or applying the brakes, the intelligent brake assist system will pre-fill the brake hydraulic system to reduce system response time and increase pressure when quickly applying the brakes. If a collision risk is imminent, the active safety control module will enter automatic collision preparation, which will automatically apply the brakes in an effort to mitigate the collision or reduce collision damage.

The active safety control module communicates with the steering wheel angle sensor and the multi-axis acceleration sensor via serial data on the chassis expansion bus. These sensors are used to determine the intended vehicle path. Using the steering data and vehicle acceleration data, the active safety control module will determine where the vehicle will be traveling and focus attention on objects in this path. An example would be a driver quickly changing lanes to avoid a collision. This would mitigate the collision risk in the previous lane and the active safety control module would quickly transition to tracking objects for any collision risk in the new lane based on intended vehicle path. The active safety control module also communicates with the electronic brake control module to instigate the braking functions of intelligent brake assist and automatic collision preparation.

At the rear of the vehicle, the active safety control module uses the radar sensor module - short range left rear, radar sensor module - short range right rear, and the parking assist control module as part of the backing warning system and the rear automatic braking system. Typical rear parking assist utilizes the parking assist control module and the four ultrasonic rear parking assist sensors to detect object when reversing at speed of up to 8 km/h (5 mph). The backing warning systems utilizes both the four ultrasonic rear parking assist sensors, as well as the radar sensor module - short range left rear and radar sensor module - short range right to detect object at speeds above 8 km/h (5 mph). The rear automatic braking system is intended to help avoid or reduce the harm caused by backing crashes or prevent the vehicle from being from being reversed into an object if the vehicle is already stopped.

The Active Safety System analyzes data from the various control modules and sensors listed below:

• K124 Active Safety Control Module
• B174W Frontview Camera - Windshield or K109 Frontview Camera Module
• B233B Radar Sensor Module - Long Range
• B233LF Radar Sensor Module - Short Range Left Front - If equipped
• B233RF Radar Sensor Module - Short Range Right Front - If equipped
• B233LR Radar Sensor Module - Short Range Left Rear - If equipped
• B233RR Radar Sensor Module - Short Range Right Rear - If equipped
• B233CR Radar Sensor Module - Short Range Rear Middle - If equipped
• K182 Parking Assist Control Module
• K17 Electronic Brake Control Module

Component Description

Active Safety Control Module

The active safety control module analyzes data from various modules, sensors, and switches to provide enhanced safety features. In addition to providing alerts, the active safety control module will provide driver assistance through integrated brake assist, automatic collision preparation, rear emergency braking, and adaptive cruise control. Inputs and outputs can either be connected directly to the active safety control module or communicate though serial data. The active safety control module communicates on a dedicated object detection bus, as well as the chassis expansion bus and low speed GMLAN.

Forward collision alert, lane departure warning, and park assist alerts can be user selected to either a haptic signal utilizing the driver's haptic signal motor seat or using beeps through the audio system. This setting can be found in the vehicle personalization menus. See the owner's manual for more detailed information on vehicle personalization.

If there is a DTC set in any of the modules that the active safety control module uses as inputs, it will send a "Service Driver Assist" to the instrument cluster to alert the driver of a problem with the system.

No other specific details are given unless the driver attempts to activate a specific system. For example if the driver attempts to turn on lane departure warning, the instrument cluster will display "Lane Departure Unavailable" and the indictor will flash and then go out. A scan tool must be used to read the DTCs that are causing the malfunction to help find the problem. Some of the inputs to the active safety control module can affect forward facing features, rear facing features, or all features. Systems to check to determine which area to focus are rear park assist for rear features, and lane departure warning and adaptive cruise control for front features. If none of the active safety system features are operative, there may be an issue with another module on the vehicle not providing the proper data to the active safety control module. If all active safety control module features are inoperative, check the Adaptive Cruise Control Inhibit History and Disengage History scan tool data for the reason for the malfunction.

Definitions of parameters and suggestions on what to look for can be found in K124 Active Safety Control Module: Scan Tool Information. Any item with a "Yes" was the reason why the adaptive cruise control system was inoperative at that time. In some cases verifying the module is the correct part number, has the latest version of software is necessary, and is calibrated properly.

• Active safety control module inputs:
  • Frontview Camera
  • Radar sensor module - long range
  • Radar sensor module - short range left front
  • Radar sensor module - short range right front
  • Radar sensor module - short range left rear
  • Radar sensor module - short range right rear
  • Parking assist control module
  • Multi-axis acceleration sensor
  • Steering wheel angle sensor
  • Wheel speed sensors
  • Forward collision alert switch
  • Lane departure warning switch
  • Parking assist switch
• Active safety control module outputs:
  • Body control module
  • Electronic brake control module
  • Engine control module
  • Instrument cluster
  • Head-up display
  • Memory seat module (safety alert seats)
  • Lane departure warning switch indicator
  • Parking assist switch indicator
  • Infotainment system

Frontview Camera

The frontview camera is located behind the windshield, looking out at the road ahead and detects lane markings and objects directly ahead, within a distance of approximately 60 meters (197 ft). The frontview camera is used for lane departure warning and forward collision alert systems. The frontview camera communicates with the active safety control module via serial data on the object detection bus.

Using information from the frontview camera, the active safety control module will provide forward collision alert and lane departure warning to the driver when appropriate. The alerts and warnings can be user-selected to be audible through the audio system or haptic using the active safety seat.

Radar Sensor Module - Long Range

The radar sensor module - long range is located behind the front grille emblem and is used in the 30 - 200 m (98 - 656 ft) range. The radar sensor module - long range communicates with the active safety control module via serial data on the object detection bus. In addition to the wiring harness ground, the module is grounded through the mounting bracket.

Radar Sensor Module - Short Range Front

There are two radar sensor module - short range front located behind the front fascia that detect objects up to approximately 30 meters (98 ft). The radar sensor modules - short range front communicate with the active safety control module via serial data on the object detection bus.

Radar Sensor Module - Short Range Rear

There are two radar sensor modules - short range rear located behind the rear fascia that detect objects up to approximately 30 meters (98 ft). The radar sensor modules - short range rear communicate with the active safety control module via serial data on the object detection bus.

Parking Assist Control Module

The parking assist control module uses ultrasonic object sensors located in the fascias to provide distance measurements to nearby objects. The park assist module sends rear object data to the active safety control module via serial data.

Electronic Brake Control Module

The electronic brake control module performs the braking activities of the active safety system. When requested by the active safety control module, the electronic brake control module will prepare or apply the brakes as necessary in response to an imminent collision.

Active Safety System Operation

Forward Collision Alert

The forward collision alert system is a convenience feature of the active safety control module, frontview camera, radar sensor module - long range, radar sensor module - short range left front, and radar sensor module - short range right front that issues a warning to the driver when a potential collision risk exists. When the system detects a vehicle in the path ahead, the green vehicle ahead indicator is illuminated on the instrument cluster. If the vehicle ahead is being followed too closely, the vehicle ahead indicator will be amber. When approaching another vehicle too rapidly, the collision alert symbol will flash in the head-up display. An audible alert sound will simultaneously sound or the safety alert seat will provide haptic feedback. The visual alert cannot be changed, but the driver can select between audible or haptic alerts in the vehicle personalization menus. Refer to the vehicle owner's manual for more detailed information on vehicle personalization.

Forward collision alert does not provide a warning to help avoid a crash, unless it detects a vehicle.

Forward collision alert may not detect a vehicle ahead if the frontview camera is blocked by dirt, snow, or ice, or if the windshield is damaged. It may also not detect a vehicle on winding or hilly roads, or in conditions that can limit visibility such as fog, rain, or snow, or if the headlamps or windshield are not cleaned or in proper condition. Keep the windshield, headlamps, and frontview camera area clean and in good repair.

Forward collision alert may provide unnecessary alerts for turning vehicles, vehicles in other lanes, objects that are not vehicles, or shadows. These alerts are normal operation and the vehicle does not need service.

Intelligent Brake Assist

Intelligent brake assist is designed to pre-fill the brake hydraulic system to reduce system response time and increase pressure when quickly applying the brakes. Using the active safety control module, frontview camera, radar sensor module - long range, radar sensor module - short range left front, and radar sensor module - short range right front, the system monitors the approach speed and distance to a vehicle ahead. If the Intelligent brake assist system determines a collision risk exists, it will begin preparations to the brake hydraulic system. When active, minor brake pedal pulsations or pedal movement may occur and this should be considered normal. Intelligent brake assist will resort to normal braking operation after an intelligent brake assist even has occurred when the brake pedal is released.

Automatic Collision Preparation

Automatic collision preparation system uses the active safety control module, frontview camera, radar sensor module - long range, radar sensor module - short range left front, and radar sensor module - short range right front to determine if an imminent collision risk exists. If the brakes have not been applied, the system will automatically apply the brakes in an effort to mitigate the collision or reduce collision damage. The system has a detection range of approximately 60 m (197 ft) and will only function when a vehicle is detected, as indicated by the green vehicle ahead indicator is illuminated on the instrument cluster.

Automatic collision preparation is not a substitute for normal vehicle braking and should not be relied on to brake the vehicle. Automatic collision preparation may not detect a vehicle ahead if the frontview camera is blocked by dirt, snow, or ice, or if the windshield is damaged. It may also not detect a vehicle on winding or hilly roads, or in conditions that can limit visibility such as fog, rain, or snow, or if the headlamps or windshield are not cleaned or in proper condition. Keep the windshield, headlamps, and frontview camera area clean and in good repair.

Backing Warning System

The backing warning system utilized the active safety control module, radar sensor module - short range left rear, radar sensor module - short range right rear, and the parking assist control module to warn of rear objects when backing up at speeds greater than 8 km/h (5 mph). Utilizing the ultrasonic rear object sensors, the parking assist control module can only detect object at seeps up to 8 km/h (5 mph). By utilizing the active safety control module and radar sensor modules - short range along with the parking assist control module and the rear object sensors, object can be detected at speeds greater than 8 km/h (5 mph).

While reversing at speeds greater than 8 km/h (5 mph), the backing warning system will alert the driver with an audible alert or through haptic feedback from the safety alert seat when an object is first detected. If the system detects a potential collision risk, a series of audible beeps or haptic feedback pulses will be provided, as well as a quick pulse of the brakes.

Rear Automatic Braking

The rear automatic braking system is designed to help avoid or reduce the harm caused by backing crashes. If the system detects the vehicle is backing too fast to avoid a collision, it may automatically brake hard to a stop.

Utilizing the active safety control module, radar sensor module - short range left rear, radar sensor module - short range right rear, and the parking assist control module, rear automatic braking attempts to avoid imminent collision by automatically braking the vehicle when traveling in reverse. In conjunction with the backing warning system, if the driver does not respond to the audible and haptic alerts while reversing, the system will automatically brake the vehicle to a stop.

Rear automatic braking also prevents the vehicle from backing into an object if the vehicle is stopped and shifted to R. If the system detects an object immediately behind the vehicle while attempting to reverse from a stop, the brakes will be applied.

Pressing the brake pedal after the vehicle comes to a stop will release the rear automatic braking. It may be necessary to release the electronic parking brake. When it is safe to do so, pressing the accelerator pedal firmly at any time will override the rear automatic braking. If rear automatic braking is active and there is no object behind the vehicle, make sure there is no snow, ice, or debris on the rear object sensors.

Lane Departure Warning/Lane Keep Assist

The lane departure warning system is a convenience feature that utilizes the frontview camera and active safety control module to determine if the vehicle has unintentionally crossed a lane marking and issue a warning. The frontview camera is located behind the windshield, looking out at the road ahead and detecting any lane markings. When the vehicle unintentionally leaves a detected lane, visual and audible or haptic alerts are given to the driver. The visual alert cannot be changed, but the driver can select between audible or haptic alerts in the vehicle personalization menus.

Refer to Lane Departure Warning Description and Operation for more information about the Lane Departure Warning function.

Adaptive Cruise Control Description and Operation

The adaptive cruise control system is an enhanced cruise control system with the ability to sense and react to forward traffic. Compared to the common cruise control system found on many vehicles, the main functional enhancement of the adaptive cruise control system is the ability to detect the presence of a vehicle in the path of the adaptive cruise control vehicle. Adaptive cruise control retains the existing cruise control feature that controls the vehicle speed to the driver selected speed. However, adaptive cruise control allows a driver to set and maintain a following distance to the preceding nearest vehicle in the path ahead. The active safety control module controller calculates a follow speed limit to ensure an acceptable distance is maintained to the preceding vehicle in front, should one be present. The adaptive cruise control system automatically adjusts the speed when the vehicle comes up behind a slower travelling vehicle in front. The system applies limited automatic braking and throttle control without driver input when necessary to maintain the set following distance. The preceding vehicle's speed and acceleration along with the active cruise control vehicle speed and acceleration and the distance between the two vehicles are factors used by the active safety control module controller to determine the follow speed limit. The vehicle speeds up to the original driver selected set speed when the pathway becomes clear without driver input.

The adaptive cruise control functionality depends on various modules on the vehicle to function and each module performs a function that is critical to the proper operation of the adaptive cruise control system. Adaptive cruise control will not operate if any components fail. Communication between modules is via serial data. The following is a functional description of the active safety control module and the other associated components:

• Active Safety Control Module
• Body Control Module
• Digital Map Module
• Engine Control Module
• Electronic Brake Control Module
• Transmission Control Module
• Instrument Cluster
• Cruise Control Switch
• Gap Switch

Active Safety Control Module

The active safety control module analyzes data from various modules, sensors, and switches to provide enhanced safety features. In addition to enhanced safety features, the active safety control module provides the adaptive cruise control system functionality. The active safety control module analyzes data from the long range radar sensor module, front short range radar sensor modules, and frontview camera module to identify and classify objects in the road environment. The system scans the road environment to detect targets within its specified field of view. The active safety control module then sends throttle and/or brake commands to the engine control module (ECM) and electronic brake control module (EBCM) via serial data in order to control the vehicle acceleration/deceleration based on the data from the modules. The ECM and EBCM provide throttle control and automatic braking needed for proper cruise speed adjustment. The following is a list of the active safety control module functions pertaining to the adaptive cruise control functionality:

• The active safety control module processes the road environment to get data concerning any vehicle ahead of the adaptive cruise control vehicle. Detection, parameter estimation, tracking, object classification and diagnostics are the primary functions. When an object is detected, the controller calculates the object range, range rate, acceleration and azimuth angle parameters.
• The active safety control module performs adaptive cruise control state processing automatically - distance control or speed control. The adaptive cruise control operates in 2 possible states - cruise or follow. The normal operating state is cruise, whereby the vehicle speed is controlled to match the driver selected set speed. When a preceding forward target is identified, the adaptive cruise control system will automatically transition into the follow speed state to provide proper lane spacing behind the target vehicle in front. The preceding vehicle's speed and acceleration, with the adaptive cruise control vehicle speed, acceleration and distance between the two vehicles will be used to determine the adaptive cruise control follow speed limit. The adaptive cruise control follow speed limit will ensure that an acceptable distance is maintained to the preceding vehicle.
• The active safety control module determines the follow speed limit for throttle control by the ECM.
• The active safety control module arbitrates the adaptive cruise control system brake and throttle control between the EBCM and the ECM.
• The active safety control module requests brake light activation during automatic braking.
• The active safety control module provides operational feedback to the vehicle driver. The active safety control module sends signals for telltales and messages to be displayed on the instrument cluster or driver information center.

Body Control Module

The following are the adaptive cruise control System functions provided by the body control module (BCM):

• The BCM provides a translating gateway for the high speed GMLAN serial data circuit.
• The BCM reads all cruise control switches and the gap switch. The active safety control module monitors a variety of user operated switches from the BCM switch status information sent via the GMLAN serial data circuit.
• The BCM illuminates the brake light based on a GMLAN message from the active safety control module during automatic braking.
• The BCM measures the brake pedal position and sends brake pedal travel status via GMLAN serial data circuit to the ECM. The ECM disengages the adaptive cruise control system when the brake is applied by the driver pressing the brake pedal.
• The BCM serves as a gateway to the instrument cluster and driver information center. The BCM will generate visual warnings based on high speed GMLAN serial data messages from the active safety control module.

Digital Map Module

The following are the adaptive cruise control System functions provided by the Digital Map Module:

• The Digital Map Module (DMM) is capable of determining vehicle position and localization and then communicating navigational and predictive data
• The Digital Map Module provides information to the Cruise system that the vehicle is on an acceptable freeway or highway for engaging the feature
• The Digital Map Module provides road information to the Cruise system about road characteristics, like exits and merge areas that will alert the system to changing road conditions

Engine Control Module

The following are the adaptive cruise control system functions performed by the engine control module (ECM):

• The ECM provides the electronic throttle control to the adaptive cruise control System. The ECM is also responsible for determining when a driver is overriding the adaptive cruise control throttle position by pressing the accelerator pedal.
• The ECM processes the cruise control switch requests received via the GMLAN serial data circuit from the BCM. Engaging and disengaging the adaptive cruise control system are functions performed by the ECM.
• The ECM determines the driver selected vehicle speed. Unless the adaptive cruise control module requests a lower vehicle speed, the ECM will control the vehicle speed to the driver selected set speed.
• The ECM allows automatic braking without disengaging the adaptive cruise control.

Electronic Brake Control Module

The following are the adaptive cruise control System functions performed by the electronic brake control module (EBCM):

• The EBCM controls the operation of the Antilock Brake System.
• The EBCM provides automatic braking for the adaptive cruise control system. The active safety control module will request vehicle deceleration via high speed GMLAN serial data circuit.
• The EBCM determines when the driver - applied brake pressure is active. The EBCM will communicate this status via the GMLAN serial data circuit to the BCM.
• The EBCM releases vehicle automatic braking when there is a throttle override by the driver pressing the accelerator.
• The EBCM predicts brake temperatures. Due to automatic braking, the brake system may overheat. When the brakes are overheated, the EBCM requests the adaptive cruise control System to be temporarily shut down by the ECM until the brakes cool to a normal operating temperature.

Transmission Control Module

The transmission control module (TCM) provides a down shift to protect the brakes. When the TCM detects some driver braking activity or adaptive cruise control automatic braking activity, the TCM down shifts the vehicle transmission to increase engine braking. This helps reduce braking activity, extend brake pad life and reduce brake system overheating.

Instrument Cluster

The driver information center is a part of the instrument cluster and displays the adaptive cruise control system warning messages. The active safety control module requests messages to be displayed on the driver information center by sending a GMLAN request to the BCM. The BCM sends a GMLAN serial data request to the instrument cluster demanding the display of the warning message. When the message is acknowledged by the driver and the cause of the message resolved, the driver information center turns the message off. The adaptive cruise control system will not operate if the driver information center fails.

Cruise Control Switch

The cruise control switch, functionally is a common feature that is shared between the adaptive cruise control system and the regular cruise control system. The adaptive cruise control system will not operate if any cruise switch fails. The cruise control switch comprises the following cruise control function switches:

• On/Off switch
• Set/decrease switch
• Resume/increase switch

The cruise control function switches are arranged in a resistive ladder design whereby each switch function is set up with different resistance values. The BCM through the cruise control switch signal circuit detects a predetermined voltage value when any cruise control switch function is activated. The associated cruise control function signal detected by the BCM is then sent to the engine control module (ECM) as a GMLAN serial data circuit message. The ECM on receiving the message provides the cruise control function requested by the BCM. The ECM is responsible for recognizing and responding to cruise control switch requests sent by the BCM. The cruise control function switches are used by the ECM to communicate to the active safety control module the driver selected vehicle speed. The driver selected vehicle speed is communicated through GMLAN serial data circuit to the active safety control module and the BCM. The adaptive cruise control system engages and adjusts vehicle speeds based on the activation of the following cruise control function switches:

Cruise Control On/Off Switch

The BCM monitors the switch signal circuit in order to determine when the On/Off switch is disabled or activated. The BCM detects a predetermined voltage value on the switch signal circuit. The On/Off switch state is then relayed to the ECM via the GMLAN serial data circuit. The ECM sends the On/Off switch input status to the active safety control module. When the On/Off switch is turned ON, the adaptive cruise control system enters either a standby enabled or a standby disabled mode. The standby enabled mode indicates that every condition required for the adaptive cruise control system to function has been met, but the adaptive cruise control is not engaged. When the adaptive cruise control is in the standby disabled mode, the conditions necessary for the adaptive cruise control system to function has not been met. When the On/Off switch is turned OFF, the adaptive cruise control will enter the disabled mode. The adaptive cruise control will not activate in the disabled mode.

Cruise Control Set/Decrease Switch

The adaptive cruise control system is engaged when the adaptive cruise control On/Off switch is turned ON and the set/decrease switch is momentarily pressed and released. When the set/decrease switch is pressed, the selected vehicle speed is set to the current vehicle speed by the ECM. The vehicle speed must be at or greater than 40 km/h (25 MPH). The selected vehicle speed is displayed by the driver information center. While in the engaged state, the selected vehicle speed and the following distance can be adjusted. Pressing and holding the set/decrease switch, when the adaptive cruise control system is engaged, will decrease the selected vehicle speed without deactivating the adaptive cruise control.

Momentarily pressing and releasing the set/decrease switch, when the adaptive cruise control is engaged, decreased the selected vehicle speed by 1.6 km/h (1 MPH) for each time that the set/decrease switch is pressed.

Cruise Control Resume/Increase Switch

The resume/increase switch is used in order to increase the selected vehicle speed when adaptive cruise control is active. The amount selected vehicle speed can be increased from the resume/increase switch depends on how long the switch is pressed. The presence of a slower moving vehicle in the path of the adaptive cruise control vehicle will limit the extent to which the selected vehicle speed can be achieved.

If there is no preceding vehicle in front, limiting the adaptive cruise control vehicle acceleration, then the vehicle speed that is attained is the new selected vehicle speed. The current selected vehicle speed is displayed by the driver information center. Acceleration is terminated when the resume/increase switch is released. Momentarily pressing and releasing the resume/increase switch will allow the selected vehicle to accelerate in at 1.6 km/h (1 MPH) increments for each time that the resume/increase switch is momentarily pressed.

Gap Switch

The gap switch allows the driver to determine how closely the adaptive cruise control vehicle follows a target vehicle while adaptive cruise control is engaged. When the adaptive cruise control vehicle speed is being limited due to a slower travelling vehicle, the adaptive cruise control vehicle speed is automatically controlled to the follow speed limit. The gap switch has 3 following distance selections that range from 1 - 2 s. The gap switch following distance between the adaptive cruise control vehicle and the target vehicle is expressed in time as opposed to actual distance. The distance maintained for a selected gap will vary based on vehicle speed. The faster the vehicle speed, the further back you will follow. The gap setting can only be adjusted when the adaptive cruise control system is engaged. The gap switch is hard-wired to the BCM. Based on voltage variations, the BCM is able to read the gap switch selection and communicates the switch status on the GMLAN serial data circuit to the active safety control module. The gap switch is a momentary switch.

The initial push of the gap switch recalls the current setting and activates the display. Subsequent pushes of the gap switch will change the gap setting.

Driver Information Messages

Adaptive Cruise Control Temporarily Unavailable

The active safety control module will send this message if the adaptive cruise control has been disengage or disabled. There are many reasons that can cause this, some will also set DTCs. Check vehicle for DTCs and also check the adaptive cruise control enable and disengage scan tool data.

Definitions of parameters can be found in active safety control module scan tool information.

Service Driver Assist System

This message can be set by either the active safety control module if there is a problem with the driver assist system or by the memory seat module if there is a problem with the haptic seat circuits. Check vehicle for DTCs.

Service Adaptive Cruise Control and Service Front Camera

The message is set if the active safety control module is not communicating to the instrument cluster.

Check vehicle for DTCs.

Set Speed

The adaptive cruise control vehicle set speed is displayed at all times in the driver information center when adaptive cruise control is engaged. The active safety control module set speed display request is sent to the instrument cluster via the GMLAN serial data circuit.

Follow Distance

The driver information center displays the driver selected following distance when adaptive cruise control is engaged and the gap switch is active. The current follow distance setting is displayed in the driver information center for a few seconds after the gap switch is pressed to increase or decrease the following distance. The active safety control module follow distance display request is sent to the instrument cluster via the GMLAN serial data circuit.

Vehicle Ahead Indicator

The vehicle ahead indicator is displayed in the instrument cluster hen the radar identifies an in-path vehicle. The vehicle ahead indicator is a warning to the driver that a vehicle is ahead. The indicator also serves as a feedback to the driver that the radar is functioning properly. The active safety control module commands the display of the vehicle ahead indicator via a GMLAN serial data message to the instrument cluster. The vehicle ahead indicator only displays with the adaptive cruise control active and may sometimes display for stationary road objects.

Digital Map Database

The Map Database Update Function shall take the received update data via 4G LTE Wireless connection and uplink connectivity, verify the data received, then substitute or incrementally update the Map Database in the next COMM_ENABLE cycle and inform the horizon provider of the successful update in order to trigger a restart.

The map database update function will diagnose it's capability to update and report its status to the Diagnostic Function.

The Digital Map Module shall be able initiate a map database update by establishing a connection to the backend server and request information about the latest available map update The Digital Map Module shall diagnose the Map Database with software logical detection within itself and look for:

• Defects
• Age
• Correct Version

Cross Traffic Alert Description and Operation

B218R - B218R Side Object Sensor Module - Right
B218L - B218L Side Object Sensor Module - Left
A11 - A11 Radio
K40 - K40 Seat Memory Control Module
P45LR - Seat Haptic Movement Motor - Driver Left Rear
P45RR - Seat Haptic Movement Motor - Driver Right Rear

The rear cross traffic alert system is designed to provide enhanced customer visibility while backing up by providing warnings to the driver on impending rear cross traffic. The rear cross traffic alert system is designed to detect and track objects of interest within a specified coverage zone behind the vehicle. The system is designed to alert the driver, with a visual display and either an audible sound or a haptic warning, to the presence of objects of interest that may cause a collision with the host vehicle. Although the system is intended to assist drivers in backing up, it does not replace driver's vision. The driver is responsible to check carefully for objects outside of the coverage zone (e.g., a fast approaching vehicle) for a safe backing maneuver. In the event that the system senses a malfunction through its diagnostic functions, the system will be disabled and the driver will be visually notified.

Rear Cross Traffic Alert System Components

The side blind zone alert system is made up of the following components:

• Left side object sensor module (also used for side blind zone alert)
• Right side object sensor module (also used for side blind zone alert)
• Visual Display Icons located on the rear vision display screen
• Audio System chime or Haptic Seat notification

Side Object Sensor Modules

The side object sensor modules are located on each side of the vehicle behind the rear fascia and are not directly visible from outside the vehicle. The sensors use radar to determine the presence of objects nearby. When an object is detected in the rear cross traffic zone, the module will send out a signal through serial data communication to turn on the visual icons and also audio chime or haptic notification. Each sensor is supplied B+ and ground. The right sensor receives an additional ground.

Both sensors communicate independently on the serial data line. The serial data enters the left sensor in a pass-thru configuration, that connects to the right sensor. The scan tool is able to individually communicate with each sensor.

Display Icons

The rear cross traffic alert system visual alert display consists of two visual icons, one on each side of the display screen of the rear vision camera, that are used to alert the driver on rear cross traffic from each side of the host vehicle respectively.

Audio or Haptic Notification

The alert output type can be driver selected to either audio or haptic. The chime location will be left rear for left rear cross traffic alert and right rear for right rear cross traffic alert. The haptic seat system response will be to generate 3 repetitions of haptic vibration in the left rear area of the seat for left cross traffic alert and right rear area of the seat for right cross traffic alert. If there is a problem with the haptic seats, the audio chime will be substituted.

Rear Cross Traffic Alert Operation

The rear cross traffic alert system is designed to detect objects of interest as small as a 125cc motorcycle with rider. The detection zone extends approximately 30 m (99 ft) from the rear corner of the car and covers an area from behind the vehicle to 125 degrees towards the front at a height of 0.45 m (1.5 ft) to 2M (6.5 ft) above ground. The system operates when vehicle speed is 10 kph (6 mph) or less and is designed to detect objects moving at speeds up to 36 kph (22 mph).

When the vehicle is backing up, the side object sensors receive energy that is reflected from external objects and determine if the objects are objects of interest or not. The system may at times detect pedestrians, shopping carts, or similar moving objects. This is normal and should not be considered as a false alert or problem with the system. The rear cross traffic alert system will estimate vehicle travel trajectory and use the information in conjunction with object travel trajectory information to determine if there is a potential collision between the vehicle and the object of interest. The rear cross traffic alert function will only alert on objects of interest that pose a potential collision with the host vehicle. The system is not designed to provide an alert to objects that have no potential collision with vehicle. In addition, the system will not alert to stationary objects such as signs, parked cars, etc.

Rear Cross Traffic Alert Driver Information Center Messages

REAR CROSS TRAFFIC ALERT OFF

This message indicates that the system has been disabled through the driver information center. Refer to the vehicle owner's manual for instructions on how to set personalization options on the driver information center.

SERVICE SIDE DETECTION SYSTEM

This message indicates that the system requires service. Since the sensors are also used for side blind zone alert, this feature will also be inoperative.

SIDE DETECTION SYSTEM UNAVAILABLE

This message indicates that the system has been temporarily disabled because the sensor is blocked or can otherwise not accurately detect vehicles or objects. Such instances may be mud, dirt, snow, ice, or slush build-up on the rear fascia, heavy rainfall, excessive road spray, fascia damage or stickers.

The rear cross traffic alert system will read the GPS latitude and longitude on the serial data bus and calculate if the vehicle is within a Radio Astronomy zone. These zones are located in Europe and Japan and require the sensors to be turned off. The "Side Detection System Unavailable" message will be displayed to the driver when this occurs.

Forward Collision Alert Description and Operation

The forward collision alert system is a convenience feature of the frontview camera module that issues a warning to the driver when a potential collision risk exists. The frontview camera module is located behind the windshield, looking out at the road ahead and detecting vehicles directly ahead. When the system detects a vehicle in the path ahead, the green vehicle ahead indicator is illuminated on the instrument cluster. When approaching another vehicle too rapidly, the collision alert symbol will flash in the head-up display (if equipped) or a series of red collision alert indicators will flash. An audible alert sound will simultaneously sound or the safety alert seat will provide haptic feedback. The visual alert cannot be changed, but the driver can select between audible or haptic alerts in the vehicle personalization menus. The forward collision alert system can also be turned on or off through the vehicle personalization menus. See the vehicle owner's manual for more detailed information on vehicle personalization.

Forward collision alert does not provide a warning to help avoid a crash, unless it detects a vehicle.

Forward collision alert may not detect a vehicle ahead if the frontview camera module is blocked by dirt, snow, or ice, or if the windshield is damaged. It may also not detect a vehicle on winding or hilly roads, or in conditions that can limit visibility such as fog, rain, or snow, or if the headlamps or windshield are not cleaned or in proper condition. Keep the windshield, headlamps, and frontview camera module clean and in good repair.

Forward collision alert may provide unnecessary alerts for turning vehicles, vehicles in other lanes, objects that are not vehicles, or shadows. These alerts are normal operation and the vehicle does not need service.

Forward Collision System Reduced Message

This message displays when Forward Automatic Braking or Front Automatic Braking has been set to the "Alert" setting. This setting disables most automatic braking functions. This is normal operation when the Forward Collision System setting is set to OFF or ALERT. This message is not present when the Forward Collision System is set to Alert and Brake.

Front Automatic Braking (UHY) (if equipped)

When the system detects a vehicle ahead in your path that is traveling in the same direction that you may be about to crash into, it can provide a boost to braking or automatically brake the vehicle. This can help avoid or lessen the severity of crashes when driving in a forward gear. Depending on the situation, the vehicle may automatically brake moderately or hard. This front automatic braking can only occur if a vehicle is detected.

The system works when driving in a forward gear between 5 mph (8 km/h) and 50 mph (80 km/h), or on vehicles with Adaptive Cruise Control above 2 mph (4 km/h). It can detect vehicles up to approximately 197 ft (60 m).

Pedestrian Collision Mitigation Braking (UKJ) (if equipped) is a feature subset of Front Impact Mitigation that aims to reduce the likelihood of collisions or reduce the impact speed with pedestrians in the forward direction by the following:

• Determining the forward path of the vehicle
• Monitoring this path with respect to pedestrians in or near the forward path
• When appropriate, providing pedestrian detection pedestrian and alerts to the driver, and if certain conditions are met, providing autonomous braking to help avoid or reducing the impact speed of a collision with the pedestrian

This system is not intended to replace the driver responsibility paying careful attention to the forward scene for pedestrian, vehicle, and other potential hazards. Its function is limited to supplemental use only to assist rather than replace the driver in responding to pedestrians in the forward scene.

The Pedestrian Collision Mitigation Braking system can detect and alert to up to 10 pedestrians in a forward gear at speeds between 5 mph (8 km/h) and 50 mph (80 km/h). During daytime driving, the system detects pedestrians up to a distance of approximately 40 m (131 ft). Pedestrians must be at least 31.5 inches (80 cm) tall to be detected.

No added components are required for Front Automatic Braking, or Pedestrian Collision Mitigation Braking. Refer to Owner's Manual - Driver Assistance Systems for more details.

The forward collision alert system is made up of the following components:

• Frontview camera module
• Forward collision alert switch
• Instrument cluster
• Collision alert indicators (without UV6)
• Head-up display (with UV6)
• Infotainment system
• Safety alert seat, if equipped

Frontview Camera Module

The frontview camera module detects vehicles in front of the vehicle. The frontview camera module communicates with the instrument cluster via serial data to illuminate the appropriate amber or green vehicle ahead indicator, collision alert symbol will flash in the head-up display, or collision alert indicators. The frontview camera module also communicates via serial data with the infotainment system and memory seat module to request audible or haptic alerts.

Forward Collision Alert Switch

The forward collision alert switch provides an input to the frontview camera module to select the alert timing sensitivity when approaching another vehicle too rapidly. The forward collision alert switch is part of the steering wheel controls switch - left and provides inputs to the body control module (BCM), which then communicates with the frontview camera module via serial data.

The BCM applies a reference voltage and monitors a low signal voltage from the normally open switch.

When the switch is pressed, the signal circuit is pulled low through a specific series of resistors, indicating that the system has been requested to change the alert timing sensitivity. The first button press will show the current alert timing setting on the driver information center. With every subsequent button press, the alert timing sensitivity is changed.

Instrument Cluster

The instrument cluster communicates via serial data with the frontview camera module and will illuminate the amber or green vehicle ahead indicator as requested by the frontview camera module. The instrument cluster also controls the head-up display or the collision alert indicators.

Collision Alert Indicators (without UV6) (if equipped)

The collision alert indicators are a series of red LEDs that will flash when approaching another vehicle too rapidly. The collision alert indicators are located in the upper instrument panel area and reflect off the windshield when illuminated.

The collision alert indicators receive power and ground and are discretely controlled by the instrument cluster through a pair of low control circuits. When requested by the frontview camera module, the instrument panel will pulse the low control circuits, flashing the LEDs as a visual alert that another vehicle is being approached too rapidly.

Head-up Display (with UV6) (if equipped)

The instrument cluster controls the head-up display via serial data. The instrument cluster will command the head-up display to flash the collision alert indicator as a visual alert when approaching another vehicle too rapidly as requested by the frontview camera module.

Infotainment System

The infotainment system controls the audible alerts for the forward collision alert system. If the host vehicle is approaching another vehicle too rapidly, the frontview camera module will command the infotainment system issue an audible alert to the driver.

Safety Alert Seat (if equipped)

The memory seat module controls the haptic alert provided by the seats. If the vehicle is approaching another vehicle too quickly, the frontview camera module will command the memory seat module to pulse both sides of the seat.

Lane Departure Warning Description and Operation

The lane departure warning system is a convenience feature that utilizes the frontview camera module to determine if the vehicle has unintentionally crossed a lane marking and issue a warning. The frontview camera module is located behind the windshield, looking out at the road ahead and detecting any lane markings. When the vehicle unintentionally leaves a detected lane, visual and audible or haptic (if equipped) alerts are given to the driver. The visual alert cannot be changed, but the driver can select between audible or haptic alerts (if equipped) in the vehicle personalization menus. Refer to the vehicle owner's manual for vehicle personalization options.

The lane departure warning system utilizes the following components:

• Frontview camera module
• Lane departure warning switch
• Instrument cluster
• Infotainment system
• Safety alert seat, if equipped

Frontview Camera Module

The frontview camera module detects visual queues such as lane markings. When it is determined that the vehicle has unintentionally moved outside of the lane, visual and audible or haptic (if equipped) warning is given to the driver. The frontview camera module receives an input from the lane departure warning switch and controls the lane departure warning switch indicator output. The frontview camera module also communicates via serial data with the instrument cluster, infotainment system, and memory seat module to request visual, audible, and/or haptic alerts.

Lane Departure Warning Switch

The lane departure warning switch provides an input to the frontview camera module to turn the lane departure warning system on and off. The frontview camera module applies voltage and monitors the parking assist switch signal circuit. The lane departure warning switch is a normally open switch. With the switch open, voltage seen at the frontview camera module is high. When the lane departure warning switch is pressed, the switch is closed and the signal circuit is pulled to ground. With the switch closed, voltage seen at the frontview camera module is low. The frontview camera module will respond to this by activating or deactivating the lane departure warning system.

The lane departure warning switch also utilizes the lane departure warning indicator, which is part of the lane departure warning switch and is controlled by the frontview camera module to indicate the operational status of the lane departure warning system. When the lane departure warning is enabled, the frontview camera module will illuminate the indicator on the switch. The indicator receives voltage through a high control circuit from the body control module (BCM) and is controlled through a low control circuit by the frontview camera module.

Instrument Cluster

The instrument cluster contains green and amber lane departure warning indicators. These indicators inform the driver of the current status of the lane departure warning system and are controlled via serial data by the frontview camera module. When the vehicle speed is above 56 km/h (35 MPH) and the system has detected the required lane markings and is ready to assist, the green indicator will be illuminated. If the vehicle has unintentionally left the lane, the amber indicator will flash.

Infotainment System

The infotainment system controls the audible alert for the lane departure warning. If the vehicle has unintentionally left the lane, the frontview camera module will request via serial data an audible alert to the driver through the infotainment system.

Safety Alert Seat

The memory seat module controls the haptic alert provided by the seats. If the vehicle has unintentionally left the lane, the memory seat module will command pulses to the left or right side of the seat, depending on the lane departure direction.

Lane Departure Warning Operation

System Operational Modes

• Off State: The system has been turned off by the driver using the lane departure warning switch.

  The lane departure warning indicator located on the lane departure warning switch will not be illuminated.

• Not Ready To Assist: The system is enabled and the lane departure warning indicator located on the lane departure warning switch is illuminated, but the system is not ready to assist because one of the following conditions is true:
  • Vehicle speed is less than 56 km/h (35 MPH). The system is designed to function at speeds greater than 56 km/h (35 MPH).
  • The system cannot detect lane markings. This may be because there are no lane markings or the lane markings cannot be determined due to snow, rain, or other driving conditions.
  • The windshield area in front of the camera or the camera lens is blocked by fog, dirt, damage to the windshield, or other elements that may prevent the camera from detecting lane markings.
• Ready To Assist: The system is enabled and ready to warn of the unintentional lane crossing. The system is ready to assist when the green lane departure warning indicator is illuminated on the instrument cluster.

Lane Crossing Alerts

• A lane crossing alert consists of the following:
  • The amber lane departure warning indicator located on instrument cluster will flash.
  • Three chimes are activated through the infotainment system or three pulses to the left or right side of the seat, if equipped with safety alert seat
• When any of the following conditions occurs, the system will not give alerts:
  • The appropriate turn signal is activated. An activated turn signal is interpreted as an intentional lane crossing.
  • The operator makes an intentional steering maneuver.
  • The operator makes an intentional accelerating maneuver.
  • The operator makes an intentional braking maneuver.

Lane Keep Assist Description and Operation

NOTE:

• The Lane Keep Assist system DOES NOT continuously steer the vehicle
• The Lane Keep Assist system replaces Lane Departure Warning System
• Lane Departure Warning will have more alerts than Lane Keep Assist (visual, audible, and haptic warning

The system assists driver to keep vehicle in-lane by providing a steering push back to the vehicle when an unintended lane departure is detected. See the user's manual for more detailed information on vehicle personalization.

The lane keep assist system is made up of the following components:

• Front view camera module
• Lane Keep Assist switch/control indicator
• Instrument cluster/Vehicle Direction Display
• Radio
• Safety Alert Seat (if equipped)
• Yaw rate sensor
• Electric power steering

Front View Camera Module

The camera detects visual queues such as lane markings. When it is determined that the vehicle has unintentionally moved outside of the lane, visual, and audible or haptic warning is given to the driver.

The front view camera module receives an input from the lane keep assist switch and controls the lane keep assist switch indicator output. The front view camera module also communicates via serial data with the instrument cluster, radio, and memory seat module to request visual, and audible or haptic alerts.

Lane Keep Assist Switch

The lane keep assist switch provides an input to the front view camera module to turn the lane keep assist system ON and OFF. The front view camera module provides a signal voltage to the normally open momentary switch. When the switch is pressed, the signal circuit is pulled to ground, indicating to the front view camera module that the system has been requested to turn ON or OFF. The lane keep assist switch also contains the lane keep assist switch indicator, which is controlled by the front view camera module to indicate the ON and OFF status of the lane keep assist system. When the system has been enabled by the lane keep assist switch, the front view camera module applies ground to the switch indicator and illuminates the LED. The location of the lane keep assist switch can vary with different vehicles. For the exact location please refer to the user's manual.

Instrument Cluster

The vehicle direction display contains green and amber lane keep assist indicators. These indicate to the driver the current status of the lane keep assist system and are controlled via serial data by the front view camera module. When the vehicle speed is above 56 km/h (35 MPH) and the system has detected the required lane markings and is ready to assist, the green indicator will be illuminated on the vehicle direction display. If the vehicle has unintentionally left the lane, the amber indicator will flash.

Radio

The radio controls the audible alert for the lane keep assist. If the vehicle has unintentionally left the lane, the radio will command three beeps as an audible alert to the driver.

Safety Alert Seat (if equipped)

The memory seat module controls the haptic alert provided by the seats. If the vehicle has unintentionally left the lane, and the Electric Power Steering determines the corrective action requires an above threshold amount of effort, the memory seat module will command three pulses to the left or right side of the seat, depending on the lane departure direction.

Yaw Rate Sensor

The steering intervention is based on the forward looking sensor outputs, such as lateral offset of the vehicle, relative yaw angle and time to line crossing. Over that, other vehicle dynamics signals are needed, e.g. velocity, steering angle, yaw rate for the purpose of a driver suppression.

Electric Power Steering

The electric power steering uses a torque sensor to detect driver inputs and relays that information to the frontview camera module. The electric power steering is used to provide steering push back.

Lane Keep Assist Operation

There is two stages of warning/intervention for the driver: The first stage is the steering push back, if the lane keep assist system detects that the vehicle will cross the lane marking despite it is intervening, a second stage warning shall be issued. The second stage warning is a chime or a haptic seat vibration, if equipped with haptic seats. If a haptic seat vibration is used as stage 2 warning, the vibration shall take place on the side of the seat, where the lane departure happened.

System operation can be described by the following modes:

• Off State: The system has been turned off by the driver using the lane keep assist switch. The lane keep assist indicator will not be illuminated.
• Not Ready To Assist: The system is enabled and the lane keep assist indicator is illuminated, but not ready to assist when any of the following conditions is true:
  • Vehicle speed is less than 37 MPH (60 km/h). The system is designed to function at speeds greater than 37 MPH (60 km/h).
  • The system cannot detect lane markings. This may be because there are no lane markings, as on a country road or that the lane markings cannot be determined due to snow, rain, or other driving conditions.
  • The windshield area in front of the camera or the camera lens is blocked by fog, dirt, damage to the windshield or other elements that may prevent the camera from detecting lane markings.
• Ready To Assist: The system is enabled and ready to warn of the unintentional lane crossing. The system is ready to assist when the green lane keep assist indicator is illuminated on the vehicle direction display.

Lane Crossing Alerts

• When one of the following conditions are met, the system will not give alerts:
  • The correct turn signal is activated. An activated turn signal is interpreted as an intentional lane crossing.
  • The operator makes an intentional steering maneuver.
  • The operator makes an intentional accelerating maneuver.
  • The operator makes an intentional braking maneuver.
• Lane crossing alert consists of the following:
  • The amber lane keep assist indicator will flash.
  • "push-back" steering torque input (or nudge) from Electric Power Steering to help prevent a lane departure
  • Three chimes are activated through the radio.
  • or if equipped , three pulses to the left or right side of the seat.

Lane Keep Assist System Driver Information Center Messages

The front view camera module can command the driver information center to display the various messages to alert the driver of a system concern or status information. For detailed information about the possible messages please refer to the user's manual.

SAFETY ALERT SEAT DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

The safety alert seat provides a vibration in the driver's seat bottom cushion to alert the driver of a number of concerns. Two seat haptic movement motors are utilized to create the vibration and are located on the left and right sides of the seat cushion. Utilizing two motors allows the vibration to be localized to the left or right side of the seat, depending on the side of the vehicle generating the alert, or to vibrate both simultaneously.

The active safety seat utilizes the following components:

• Seat Memory Control Module
• Seat Haptic Movement Motor - Driver Left
• Seat Haptic Movement Motor - Driver Left

Seat Memory Control Module

The seat memory control module receives serial data messages from other modules and provides voltage to control the seat haptic movement motors. The seat memory control module will pulse the left, right, or both motors with the number of pulses requested over serial data. The seat memory control module monitors the control circuits for open, short to ground, and short to voltage conditions and will set DTCs if a circuit fault is detected.

Seat Haptic Movement Motor

The seat haptic movement motor is DC motor located in the driver's seat bottom cushion. Two seat haptic movement motors are used in the seat bottom cushion, positioned on the left and right side. An offset weight is attached to the motor. When activated, the spinning offset weight creates a vibration felt by the driver through the seat cushion.

Each seat haptic movement motor receives a constant chassis ground. The motor is controlled by the seat memory control module providing voltage through a dedicated control circuit. When an alert is required, the seat memory control module will apply voltage, activating the seat haptic movement motor.

Side Blind Zone Alert Description and Operation

B218R - B218R Side Object Sensor Module - Right
A9B - A9B Outside Rearview Mirror - Passenger
A11 - A11 Radio
B218L - B218L Side Object Sensor Module - Left
A9A - A9A Outside Rearview Mirror - Driver
K40 - K40 Seat Memory Control Module
P45LR - Seat Haptic Movement Motor - Driver Left Rear
P45RR - Seat Haptic Movement Motor - Driver Right Rear

NOTE: Not all items in block diagram may apply to specific vehicle. Refer to wiring schematics for specific vehicle wiring diagrams.

Description and Operation

The side blind zone alert system shall detect and report "objects of interest" on either side of the vehicle, within a specified "blind spot" zone. The system is designed to alert the driver, with a visual display placed on the side view mirror, to the presence of objects of interest that may not be visible in the inside rearview mirror and outside rear view mirrors. Although this system is intended to help drivers avoid lane change crashes, it does not replace driver vision and therefore should be considered a lane change aid. Even with the side blind zone alert system, the driver must check carefully for objects outside of the reporting zone (e.g., a fast approaching vehicle) before changing lanes. In the event that the system senses a malfunction through its diagnostic routines, the system will be disabled and the driver will be visually notified.

When the system detects a vehicle in the side blind zone while driving forward, an amber warning symbol will light up in the appropriate outside mirror. This indicates that it may be unsafe to change lanes. If the driver then activates the turn signal, the amber warning symbol starts flashing as an extra warning not to change lanes.

Side blind zone alert is active when the vehicle is out of park or the parking brake is off on manual transmission vehicles and at speeds up to approximately 140 km/h (87 MPH). If a vehicle is detected in the blind zone, the warning symbols will turn illuminate on the appropriate side. When the vehicle is started, both outside mirror displays will briefly come on to indicate that the system is operating. The warning symbols will vary brightness based on the ambient light conditions.

Side Blind Zone Alert System Components

The side blind zone alert system is made up of the following components:

• Left side object sensor module (also used for rear cross traffic alert)
• Right side object sensor module (also used for rear cross traffic alert)
• Driver outside rearview mirror
• Passenger outside rearview mirror

Side Object Sensor Modules

The side object sensor modules are located on each side of the vehicle behind the rear fascia and are not directly visible from outside the vehicle. The sensors use radar to determine the presence of objects nearby. When an object is detected in the side blind zone, the side object sensor module supplies voltage to illuminate the visual indicator on the appropriate side rear view mirror. Each sensor is supplied B+ and ground. The right sensor receives an additional ground. Both sensors communicate independently on the serial data line. The serial data enters the left sensor in a pass-thru configuration, that connects to the right sensor. The scan tool is able to individually communicate with each sensor.

Outside Rearview Mirrors

The outside rearview mirrors contain an icon that is backlit with high intensity, amber-colored LED's located on the mirror surface. The display brightness adapts to day/night conditions. The side blind zone alert indicator icon in the left or right outside rearview mirror is illuminated if the left or right side object sensor module detects a vehicle in the side blind zone to inform the driver that there is a vehicle driving in the blind spot zone.

Side Blind Zone Alert Operation

When the vehicle is started, both outside mirror displays will briefly come on to indicate that the system is operating. The system is designed to detect objects of interest as small as a 125cc motorcycle with rider. The detection zone starts at the outside rearview mirror and extends out to 3.5 m (11 ft) at the back corner of the vehicle and 3 m (10 ft) behind the vehicle at a height of 0.5 m (1.5 ft) to 2.0 m (6 ft) above the ground. The system may light up an indicator due to guardrails, signs, trees, shrubs, and other nonmoving objects. This is normal system operation; the vehicle does not need service.

When the system detects a vehicle in the side blind zone while driving forward, independent if passing a vehicle or being passed, an amber warning symbol will light up in the appropriate outside mirror. This indicates that it may be unsafe to change lanes. If the driver then activates the turn signal, the amber warning symbol starts flashing as an extra warning not to change lanes.

Foul weather may affect the operation of the side blind zone system. Occasional missed alerts can occur under normal circumstances and will increase in wet conditions. The number of missed alerts will increase with increased rainfall or road spray. Heavy rainfall, as well as mud, dirt, snow, ice, or slush build-up on the rear fascia, can completely disable the system.

If the vehicle is towing a trailer or has an object such as a bicycle rack attached to the rear of the vehicle, the side blind zone system may not function properly and the indicators may illuminate intermittently or remain illuminated all the time.

Side Blind Zone Alert Driver Information Center Messages

SIDE BLIND ZONE ALERT OFF

This message indicates that the system has been disabled through the driver information center. Refer to the vehicle owner's manual for instructions on how to set personalization options on the driver information center.

SERVICE SIDE DETECTION SYSTEM

This message indicates that the system requires service. When the message is displayed, the indicators will remain illuminated at all times, notifying the driver that the side blind zone system should not be relied upon when changing lanes. Since the sensors are also used for rear cross traffic alert, this feature will also be inoperative.

SIDE DETECTION SYSTEM UNAVAILABLE

This message indicates that the system has been temporarily disabled because the sensor is blocked or can otherwise not accurately detect vehicles or objects. Such instances may be mud, dirt, snow, ice, or slush build-up on the rear fascia, heavy rainfall, excessive road spray, fascia damage or stickers.

The rear cross traffic alert system will read the GPS latitude and longitude on the serial data bus and calculate if the vehicle is within a Radio Astronomy zone. These zones are located in Europe and Japan and require the sensors to be turned off. The "Side Detection System Unavailable" message will be displayed to the driver when this occurs.

Lane Change Alert Operation (if equipped)

Lane Change Alert (LCA) can be disabled in vehicle personalized settings, this will also disable the Side Blind Zone Alert (SBZA) system. When disabled, the bulb check of the mirror indicators will also be disabled. A driver information center message will be displayed at start up when the LCA system is disabled. This feature must be enabled prior to trying to diagnose the system.

The lane change alert system shall detect and report objects in the driver's blind zone, or approaching on either side of the vehicle, within a specified lane change zone. The system is designed to alert the driver, with a visual display placed on the side view mirror, to the presence of objects of interest that may not be visible in the inside rearview mirror and outside rear view mirrors. Although this system is intended to help drivers avoid lane change crashes, it does not replace driver vision and therefore should be considered a lane change aid. Even with the lane change alert system, the driver must check carefully for objects outside of the reporting zone before changing lanes. In the event that the system senses a malfunction through its diagnostic routines, the system will be disabled and the driver will be visually notified.

When the vehicle is started, both outside mirror displays will briefly come on to indicate that the system is operating. The warning symbols will vary brightness based on the ambient light conditions. Lane change alert is active when the vehicle is out of park or the parking brake is off on manual transmission vehicles. When the system detects a vehicle in the side blind zone or approaching in the lane change alert zone while driving forward, an amber warning symbol will light up in the appropriate outside mirror. This indicates that it may be unsafe to change lanes. If the driver then activates the turn signal, the amber warning symbol starts flashing as an extra warning not to change lanes.

The system is designed to detect objects of interest as small as a 125cc motorcycle with rider. The detection zone starts at the outside rearview mirror and extends out to 3.5 m (11 ft) at the back corner of the vehicle and 70 m (230 ft) behind the vehicle at a height between 0.5 m (1.5 ft) and 2.0 m (6 ft) above the ground. The system may light up an indicator due to guardrails, signs, trees, shrubs, and other nonmoving objects. This is normal system operation; the vehicle does not need service.

If the vehicle is towing a trailer or has an object such as a bicycle rack attached to the rear of the vehicle, the lane change alert system may not function properly and the indicators may illuminate intermittently or remain illuminated all the time. The driver information center may display "SIDE DETECTION SYSTEM UNAVAILABLE".

Foul weather may affect the operation of the lane change alert system. Occasional missed alerts can occur under normal circumstances and will increase in wet conditions. The number of missed alerts will increase with increased rainfall or road spray. Heavy rainfall, as well as mud, dirt, snow, ice, or slush build-up on the rear fascia, can completely disable the system. The warning symbols will vary brightness based on the ambient light conditions.

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